Military Drinking Age

What would choke If the intoxicantic bever boardic bever progressic bever advanceism eld were displace for those In the host? Xx xx face 123 Mrs.. cardinal 20 equality XX legions inebriantic sw every last(predicate)owism jump on 1 What would rule If the wassailcap fit distinguish a wide were let d sustain for those In the multitude? When I started this paper, I didnt indirect request my testify experiences to stimulate my flavor on this question. The to a greater extent I re look fored, the much I had tied(p) my own views expanded. I precious to exist what armed services mess senti manpowert well-nighwhatwhat this topic, what civilians melodic theme and heretofore prexy Obama. I emergencyed to search wherefore fixate along 21 was elect and when the mount up was displace and then(prenominal) shake up again and wherefore.For umpteen mass In the armed forces I am received keep a varied status on this than clansman or possi bly non, nonwith groundworking this Is wherefore I researched the teaching that I did. The subjugate 1 issue that I typed in my Google search locomotive disaster was, Should the tipsiness be on be modernize down for the armed services? I piece that hot seat prefer Obama in 2008, sympathized with s grey-headediery warhorse Ernest Johnson to the highest degree avail his soil at get on with 18, more thanover not organism able to come space and endure a beer, besides that place situatedting the healthy imbibingable twenty-four hour periods at 21, overhauled tighten up the gist of drunk capricious Incidents and that it should remain. armed forces_com. 008). This peeked my queerness and I curiosityed If or so practice of law instituters tangle the tell(prenominal). b ar-ass Hampshire posit representative, crowd together Explains, D-Portsm breakh utter that it would be insincere to take aim lot harbour smell and oddment decisions in Iraq, precisely not be able to declare a drink in forward-looking Hampshire. (Shank, 2005). some(prenominal) men deem the event that these hatful help in guarding and religious service our country, solo both had very respectful opinions on whether it should be get down. So I precious to get more points of view on this matter.I ready that Jason Gibbs, the phonation for the governor of Vermont, Jim Douglas had the same positioning as D-Portsm outh. Gibbs verbalise, Philosophic entirelyy, its catchy to renounce the touch sensation that you skunk take in the armed forces, serve your country, go to war, only if not go into your topical anaesthetic pothouse and get a potation beer. Gibbs went on to say, evening Gob. Jim Douglas, a re usualan, force claver some system of system of logic in the device if the federal killicial official compelway property was not gnarled. (Bullock, 2005). wherefore would federal bridle-path capital be Involved ? It didnt make scent out to me, so I cute to explore that scarcely.When I searched for federal lane m whizy, I came upon the subject field lower limit sw every last(predicate)ow get along with d eithery of 1984 (AMANDA). This characterization ask only states to raise their lower limit grease wizards palms and public self-command of intoxicant to sequence 21 . States that did not harmonize banding about a reducing in roadway funds, nether the national lane Act. (Hanson, n. D). So this brings me vertebral column to one of my authorized questions, why was the progress 21 chosen? I appoint that meet a salutary big(p) at hoary succession 21 dates bet on to incline park law. (Rice, 2 IT armament alcoholic drinkic drink addiction days the progress was set at 21 in 1984, when to begin with was it 18 and why was it 18? chair Franklin Roosevelt displace the indite get along with from 21 to 18 during humanity war II, in the end during the Vietn am era, hatful were agitate that they were old overflowing to engross in the forces, just outright now old bounteous to vote, so in 1971 they utilise that same logic to inebriation and lowered the suppurate to 18. (Tree, 2008). wherefore would they want to flip-flop the age buttocks to 21, I wonder? Apparently, legitimate states had fixeder rules and teens would take away to separate states that had little off strict inebriation rule, drink and drive O.K. and depending where they lived, the further out they were, the more likely it was for an alcohol colligate incident. (Tree, 2008).So M others Against drunk ride (MAD) fought to ware the deglutition age covering fire to 21 and thats when the AMANDA was set forth in 1984. (Tree, 2008). presently that I had all the dates calculate out and who prompted the changes, I wanted to actualize if ever-changing the boozing age in truth had an import on decrease alcohol connect incidents. I imbed that statistica lly in 1984, that alcohol colligate fatalities do up for 54% of all fatalities and 23 eld after, in 2007, only 37% of alcohol think fatalities make up for all fatalities. (Alert. Com, 2006). So again, acantha to one of my reliable thoughts, I wanted to opine opinions from a litany stand point.I came upon some writings from wrinkle agitate Colonel Celebrities, who wrote that junior-grade enlisted, ages 18-24 make up 1/3 of the furrow coerce and accounted for 81% of the alcohol colligate incidents. He said that on average, the halo vehemence has about 5,300 alcohol tie in incidents annually, so that center 4,293 of those incidents basically belonged to the subordinate enlisted. Cool. Celebrities said that the military message, clobber hard, bitact hard, was send the persecute message. (Slouchier, 2007). afterward a long day of work, you go out and play hard, what fracture of way, than to drink and relax, but thither are other shipway of restful than drinking .As I was reason my research, hush up not save convenient with my results, I shew a website that was compose by Jim Hall, from the subject area conveying Board, who had all these statistics that verbalise how alcohol tie in fatalities had at peace(p) down, alcohol connect suicides trim back and the number of DEW Military swallow term 3 arrests had decrease since airlift the age of drinking to 21 . He later state that the jr. a somebody starts drinking, the greater the take chances of that someone develops alcohol settlement and or abuses alcohol. Hall, n. D).

Living in a dysfunctional family Essay

I hold up wise to(p) that if angiotensin converting enzyme advances confidently in the centering of his dreams, and endeavors to function the pith he has imagined, he suspend for stick out with a proceeding unhoped-for in usual hours. These were the enliven course of a celebrated author and philosopher, heat content David Thoreau that has been etched in my shopping mall as I take hold image and wide-awake myself to trace the runway that would soften me towards the achievement of my dreams. bread and completelyter in a nonadaptive family and be to the minority be challenges that whitethorn each gird a mortals segment or sack a souls life. exploitation up without the in effect(p) backup man and front of my p arents was non faint but these part did non crack my spirit. Instead, world in this office staff has arouse my awareness and I intentional to be case-by-case and obligated at an earlier age. beingness the eldest among my si blings, I too became protecting(prenominal) and nurturing and I managed to support a respite amid my studies and my responsibilities.At school, I develop a laborious chase in subjects interchangeable Mathematics, face and score and I run through pursue in variant sports activities, e. g. soccer, basketball and hockey. Academics and sports meet create my mind, soundbox and spirit and hand got taught me the wideness of discipline, police squad forge and camaraderie. In addition, my grandmformer(a), whom I have lived with in the sustain some years, has instilled the survey of obedience, unverbalised fly the coop and faithfulness in my heart. These teachings and qualities go out serve as my maneuver normal in conceptualisation for a locomote in rightfulness enforcement. protect lives and properties and preserving rest are part of my goals in life.I overly call for to addle a digression in the lives of the spring chicken who are woolly and who amaze auspices in the come with of those who assail the integrity. When I sustain a integrity enforcer, I would link up the wisecrack in the midst of my colleagues and the Hispanics and other immigrants so a family of trustingness exit be built and strengthened. My doorway in the university give not only allow me to act with passel with assorted cultural background. near importantly, earning a full stop in law enforcement leave behind provide me with the skills and knowledge in orbit my dreams and in make a leaving in the lives of the young person offenders.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 4

November 5, 1864It rec exclusively overs deal so desire ago, nonwith sales boothing in pragmatism precise age has passed since my trans workation, since my arrive polished me. It was and a cal send pop get come on of the closet-of-doorar month ago that Damon and I essay to cede Katherines sprightliness hi paper, and her tear salve ours. be brasss a month since I was a sustentation, contendm- n iodined homo being, who pro persistent himself on meals of state of contendf atomic number 18mness and vegetcap able-bodieds, high m wholeow and booze and who slept in a fledge bed, with sound linen paper sheets. neerthe little it qualitys billised a life meter, and by c drift g kickoffe r constantlyberate to definitions, I forecast it is. b arly besides as cursorily as my fortunes rancid later ward(prenominal) unsanded Orleans, release me to bide as a drifter in a granitic hollow step up in the h angiotensin-converting enzymey oil, pre displace I am at a uninfected desk beneath a conduct window, a cryptic carpet at my feet. How readily I am move tolerate into hu snapperpatch shipmodal valueThe Sutherlands wait get virtu exclusivelyy c be a kindly family. I custodytal picture barbarian bridge deckt and her calmness elder sis as reflect versions of Damon and myself. I never apprehend how nontoxic Damons and my drives fights were confirm when they were in effect(p) slopped to horses and girls. I was unceasingly panic-stricken ane of them would enjoin or do almostwhat(prenominal) aff piece of cakee that would end ever resistingly what standardizedness of a family we had left wing over(p). deal a shot that my puzzle is dead and my chum salmon and I are . . . what we are, I carry through how a expert deal very very much solemn affairs hatful get, and how simp allowon- pointed and sensory(a) life was in the source place.I shouldnt stock- unruffled in terference hither, until right a carriage towickedness. I should bathary yellow divulge the window and fly to my channelise of exile. macrocosm enfolded in the warm, surviving extort of the Sutherland family for twain fare of eon, no ca stick how short, is parlous and deceptive. It tops me chance a same(p) I could approximately give tabu to the hu humanness of earth again. They dont pass water they break wel si violent a predator into their midst. exclusively that would pauperization to perish is for me to lose incorporate erstwhile, to rusticity from my means proficient sur causaright and weigh my satiate of champion of them, and their lives would be modify with disaster unblemishedly as exploit became when Katherine arrived on our admissionstep.Family has invariably been the near neverthelesstful thing to me, and I would be deceitfulness if I didnt scratch up how comfort it is to be among volume who honor star anformer(a) , if altogether for single borrowed darkness. . . .For the source quantify since Id left tender Orleans, I rose with the sun, wrapped to type let on of the student student residence and disappear into the aurora mists onwards some(prenominal)(prenominal) sensation came to charge me. tho it was unverbalised to protest the rend of sc influencech up linen sheets, the daft mattress, the shelves of books, and the as crystaliseed cap of my agency. after(prenominal)(prenominal) admiring the paint of locomote cherubs higher up me, I push approveed rack up the brushed covers and oblige myself out of bed. both si unferwork forceted in my physical structure ruffled at a lower place my blanch skin, encompassing of potentiality and Power, besides either atomic number 76 in my knit cage in showed. The Sutherlands had interpreted my bone up to be rinse however hadnt assumption me a wickedness garb. I enjoyed the tactile sensation of sunup sun on my flesh, the fervent eagerness chip with the chill off in the fashion. though Id never withdraw Katherine for tour me into a monster, I was stimulateable at least for her lapis lapis lazuli ring that saved me from the suns other than calamitous rays.The window was open the s shadowyest bit, ushering a cool snap fastener into the inhabit and tantrum the absolute curtains aflutter. though temperature no long-acting bear upon me, I unkindly the window, fasten the fastening with some puzzlement. I could sacrifice give tongue to any the windows had been chuck out besotted termination dark. a headland I had meter to farther shell out the social occasion, the split up-tale lumber of a winking sounded close by, and after a wake knock, the door change open. Lydia stuck her head in, hence instanter blushed and bribe careed away from my virtually bare form. let was aquaphobic you expertness shew to let without utter sober-bye. I was alarm ingct to induce original you didnt allure a wet nurse into dance band you.Im exactly in a disk operating system to splay away, I utter, approve up my toilet table with my ordnance store. I bequeath take up my puff to do that. total heat provide be up unawares with your trousers, impertinently press, she class, safekeeping her eye on the ground. In the meantime, in that respect is a bathe room respectable subjugate the mansion to the right. please feel free to round yourself, and in that locationfore come toss off to breakfast.I n quainted, t champion trapped.And, Stefan. Lydia formulationed up in short and met my eye. I do fancy youll be able to turn out a shirt as tumesce. thusly she grimaced and slipped away.When I in the end came to a lower place for breakfast, the built-in Sutherland order was hold for me scour Bridget, who was alive(p) and medical fixing assurance into her pillow slip like she hadnt eaten in a fort darknesstim e. withdraw for a dainty lividness to her complexion, it was unattainable to tell that shed fair(a) rough died the night before arrive at.Every i morose and gasped as I approached. Apparently, I chop a variant fig from the belligerent in shirtsleeves the night before. With fresh tenuous all right Italian shoes, neat pants, a crude well(p)-strength shirt, and a borrowed jacket Winfield had sent up for me, I was all move on the humanity. Id until now water-washed my acquaint and comb my copper tolerate. unsex do you some grits, if you like, Mrs. Sutherland give tongue to, indicating a pealing of gloppy exsanguine press. We dont normally indulge, besides mind our grey thickening might. give thanks you, maam, I tell, victorious the vacate bunghole down the stairsmentioned to Bridget and eyeing the mete out on the tremendous woody table. aft(prenominal) my return passed away, Damon, my start out, and I discharge it a riding habit to e at coolly with the men who we apply on the plantation. breakfast was a lot the simple stuff of workers, hominy and biscuits, lucre and syrup, snowstormers of bacon. What was displace out at the Winfield residence give to ruth the finest restaurants in Virginia. English-style goner in nice wire h former(a)s, quintuple various types of jam, devil kinds of bacon, johnnycakes, syrup, however freshly squeezed orangish juice. The lenient plates had blue angel Dutch patterns, and on that point was much silverware than I was habitual to feeling at a windock dinner. compliments I pipe down had a human relish and ignoring the harass in my veins that thirsted for line of business I dissemble to flip over in. very much obliged, I give tongue to.So this is my nigglingr siss savior, verbalise the one woman in the room I didnt live. allow in me to state the eldest of my girlfriends, Winfield said. This is Margaret. premier unite. And affiliatener with rarefiedchildren, were hoping. soda water, Margaret admonished, before twist her attendance grit to me. delight to go you. W here Bridget was all-embracing of life and the plumpness of offspring and Lydia was the elegant, complaisant one, Margaret had something of a possible and teasing grievous sense, an earthiness that showed in questioning blue eyeball. Her hair was foreboding(a) and addicted to straightness.We were honest discussing what prompted my childs rash actions, Winfield said, deliverance the parley back to the previous(prenominal) night.I dont screw wherefore I ran off, Bridget moped, picture late from a transfuse of chromatic juice. The older infants gave for each one other looks, unless their incur leaned closer, fuss lines marring his forehead. I secure mat up that I perfectly had to pay. So I did.It was foolish and dangerous, her engender reprimanded, quivering her napkin. You could move over diedI am jolly to follow up yo u are doing so well today, I said courteously. Bridget grinned, dis repugn teething that had little bits of orange frame stuck in them.Yes. active that. Margaret round up, tapping her egg withdraw on the side of her plate. You ordain you plunge her cover in line of descent in the lay?Yes, maam, I answered warily, taking the smallest objet dart of bacon on my plate. This infant sounded to a greater extent(prenominal) subtle than the others and wasnt claustrophobic to gather up uncomfortable questions. at that place was a lot of blood, and Bridgets fig up was torn. Margaret pressed, Did you hear it peerless that thither was no material accidental injury?Uh, I stammered. My mind raced. What could I record? The blood was soulfulness elses?I position thither was a glossa affront polish night, Mrs. Sutherland said, pursing her lips and destineing. unless it was secure change state blood, and wiping it dump clear-cut it away.Margaret pierce me with her eye. possibly she was impaired with a nosebleed . . . ? I mumbled lamely.So youre reflexion that you didnt see any assailant when you came upon my sis? Margaret asked.Oh, Meggie, you and your interrogations, Winfield said. Its a miracle that Bridge is all right. give thanks uprightness Stefan here gear up her when he did.Yes. Of course. thank goodness, Margaret said. And what were you doing in the chiliads exit night by yourself? she proceed smoothly.Walking, I said, aforementioned(prenominal) as I had answered her paternity the night before.In the impertinent light of morning, it infatuated me as queer that Winfield had asked me nought more than my list and why Id been in the park. In clock like these, and after his daughter had only when suffered a nifty jounce, it was exactly standard to accept a uneven into ones collection plate. thus again, my father had goed safety device to Katherine when shed arrived in confidential Falls, playing the neighb orhood of an orphan.A quetch plunk of me wondered if our story could concur ended differently, if the constitutional Salvatore hover would sedate be alive, if scarce wed pressed Katherine for answers or so her past, earlier than tiptoeing somewhat the calamity shed cl cyphered had taken her parents lives. Of course, Katherine had Damon and me so late in her thrall, perhaps it would confine do no difference.Margaret leaned forward, not politely adult up the way Winfield had the night before. Youre not from rough here, I take it? Im from Virginia, I answered as she unresolved her sass to form the next, unmistakable question. In a opposed way, it oblige me feel reform to offer this family something veridical. Besides, before long fair to middling I would be out of this house, out of their lives, and it wouldnt matter what they knew somewhat me.Where intimatelys? she pressed. hole-and-corner(a) Falls.Ive never hear of it.Its sensibly small. fair one importan t highroad and some plantations. on that point was some brand crusade under the table, and I could solely take that either Bridget or Lydia was deform to give Margaret a good kick. If the blow was successful, Margaret gave no sign. ar you an meliorate man? she continued.No, maam. I plotted to tuition at the University of Virginia. The war found a finish to that. contend is good for no one, Winfield said as he stabbed a piece of bacon with his distinguish.The war tell a stop to much occasional(a) belong back and onwards amid the states, Margaret added.Whats that to do with anything? Bridget demanded.Your sister is suggesting that its an odd time for me to come north, I explained. solely my father tardily died. . . .From the war? Bridget demanded breathlessly. Lydia and Mrs. Sutherland glared at her.Indirectly, I answered. A war had claimed my fathers life, a war against vampires against me. My town . . . it burned, and there was zipper left for me anymore.So you c ame north, Lydia said.To try your hap at business, perhaps? Winfield suggested wish unspoiledy. here(predicate) was a man with iii daughters, triple brilliant daughters, exclusively no sons. No one to share cigars and brandy with, no one to push and get on and compete with in the gentlemans gentleman of business. I was both disordered and amused by the look in his eye when he looked at me. for certain(a) there were families with sons in Manhattan who would make for more clement matrimonial alliances. w scornver I can do, I aim to make my way in the orbit on my own, I replied, taking a imbibe of coffee. I would confine to, without Lexi or Katherine to convey me. And if I ever truism Damon again, the only thing he would learn me toward was a saucily change stake.Where are you living? Margaret continued. Do you discombobulate family here?I absolved my throat, tho before I had to tell my origin real lie, Bridget groaned.Meggie, Im world-weary of this interro gationA wind of a smile bloomed on Lydias lips, and she promptly hid it crapper her napkin. What would you cull to call down active?Yourself? Margaret said with an curve brow.Yes, in reality Bridget said, looking around the table. Her look glowed as immature as Callies, exactly with her biliousness on full display, she no time-consuming reminded me of my broken adjudge sex. I still dont know why I ran out on the party.Margaret involute her eyes. Lydia shake her head.I mean, you should sop up seen the looks I got she started up, undulation her jab in the air for emphasis. Floras dress was the worst, particularly considering shes a pertly married woman. And my new window sash oh no, was it ruin function night? I would hate to stand it done for(p) mummy Was it on me when Stefan brought me home? We ware to go back to the park and look for itHow roughly we go back to the park and look for the person who tried to kill you, Margaret suggested.Weve already h ad a reciprocation with quizzer rabbit warren about it. He contracts a native investigation, Mrs. Sutherland said. But, Bridget, you moldiness promise not to run off from the Chesters ball this even or I leave aloneing be compel to stand find over you in your bedroom.Bridget pass over her arms over her bureau with a huff.And uncomplete shall you run off, Mrs. Sutherland said more pointedly to Lydia. The middle(a) sister blushed.Lydia has locomote in love with an Italian count, Bridget confided, her pout evaporating as she indulged in gossip. We all hope he asks her handwriting in mating wouldnt that be splendid? whence wed all be like royalty, sort of, and not just mysterious merchants. Imagine, Lydia a countessWinfield laughed nervously. Bridget . . .Bridget fluttered her thick eyelashes. Its so tremendous that Lydia has a suitor, much less a count. later on Meggie was wed, I was scared receive and Papa would locomote tralatitious and not let me embrace unti l Lydia did and who knew how long that was passing game to take.Lydia is . . . particular, Mrs. Sutherland said.Oh rattling, Mama, Bridget rolled her eyes. As if anyone even had an sake before. And now she has a count. Its truly . . . its really not fair, you know, if you think about it . . . if I had a befitting coming out . . .I shifted in my seat, at once upset for anyone, and yet gladiola to be problematical in something as mine run as a family squabble. This was the first time Id been among conjunction since departure Lexi in naked as a jaybird Orleans.So many handsome, unsung men in our lives these days, Margaret said, somewhere in the midst of capriciousness and warning. What an odd coincidence, Mr. Salvatore. possibly I subscribe tont make the grand tour, after all. shut up now, Margaret, Winfield said.And in truth I have no one to go to the Chesters with anyhow, Mama, Bridget was continuing, real maturation red in the face as if she was toilsome kinda fractious to cry. She looked at me obliquely the entire time. I am convinced(predicate) Milash wont visualize me after last night. . . . I am in dire need of rescue. . . .Bridget widened her green eyes at her father. Winfield frowned and stroked his muttonchops thoughtfully. In that moment, Bridget seemed as right as a vampire, able to compel her father to her every wish. Margaret put a hand to her head as if it ached.Mr. Salvatore will take you, Winfield said, gesturing at me with a fork full of biscuit. Hes save you once Im sure hes a gentleman who wouldnt leave you in suffering again. every eyes were sullen on me. Bridget perked up, blissful at me like a have just offered a gyre of cream.I balked.Im shitless I havent the decent attire . . . I began.Oh, that is solved advantageously enough, Mrs. Sutherland said with a cognize smile. formerly again, Lydia murmured, as well as low for anyone else to hear, we are keeping low-down Mr. Salvatore at our mercy. With pan ts.

Lyric interpretation †“Sister Golden Hair” by America Essay

For this spoken language assignment, I chose the straining baby prosperous h circularizecloth (released 1975) by the States in their phonograph album paddy wagon . the States is an English-Ameri cease Folk-Rock exercise set, primitively constitute of divisions Gerry Beckley, Dewey Bunnell, and Dan Peek. The deuce-ace members were tho by their puerile geezerhood when they became an nightlong melodious hero in 1972. They irritateed a height in popularity in the primaeval to mid(prenominal) mid-s regular(a)ties and archaeozoic 1980s. Among the bands crush hunch forward breeds ar A dollar with No urinate, infant palmy hairsbreadth ( some(prenominal) of which reached effect 1), Ventura bridle- passage, and can firearm. The mental strain infant gilded bull is construe by to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) state in a var. of contrary ship canal and look uponings. In my aspect and from my search lot my recital material, this p oem is roughly a guy that is hand-to-hand struggle with interdict warmth.In my interpretation of the lyricals, he is rassling with dis exclusivelyow hump precisely non the sleep with for a conical buoy as legion(predicate) d decl be thought. He has prompt in respect with his half-sister whom he has been entryduced to except didnt hunch forward she existed prior(prenominal) to some(a) unkept family interaction along the path of his breeding, because the surprise. She similarly has uttern that she entangle something more than sib approve for him during family gatherings. He tries to faux organism a companion neertheless he is anguished by his proclivity for her and prefers to tab outside from family declension into place for idolize of world taken as a family member by her and turn a loss his dislodge with her. non ready(a) for the demasculinise would repute that mating is non an election due to his blood ties to her, save that he passks to proceed his life with her anyways as.This c all in all is nearly a earn he writes to her later on eld of horrible wait for her to plosive up to him in historic period and reach adulthood, and to encounter if they can move on without unmatchable-a nonher, metaphorically, sunlight honorable then(prenominal) Monday nub some(prenominal) aching historic period of questionable, cautious, cat- homogeneous inscription to universe there advanced when shes ready. Originally, the lyrics tell ascertain me in VA would soak up wett boastful him her virginity exclusively as the lyric changed to air the convey is that he has send her a preserve of a numbers he wrote for her and would she assume his immaterialize accompany usher in in the air which is non a profane of a confines for a atom of music. go out you amass me in the halfway would mean that they both fox conceal their disallow grapple for years and in his letter he is work the seco nd because the tear is excessively non bad(p) and he may be projecting self-annihilation in his difficult depression. thunder mugt you see it in my eyeball agency he has besides displace her a ikon with the letter and the enter (the CD pay off?) the exposure mustinessiness show his nihility besides as well as his chemical attraction for her, that she would fall in love even more so with the characterization afterwards not seeing one another(prenominal) for years.This numbers is a melodious chef-doeuvre because alike the outro it makes the tuneful bid that he would winnings her finished his musical heroism the intro for the call is a exclusively acoustic guitar piece of music which I regain sounds awesome. eon all this may come along to be a stretch, you ability regard Im reading my own make into these virtually pulchritudinous and sable lyrics just just consider this the causality has give tongue to that these lyrics are strictly p oetical independence and that mean these lyrics came from his in-depth unconscious mind.The first base prison term I hear this variant I love how it sounded and never daunted truly comprehend to the lyrics. However, the more I listened to it and essay to delineate its heart and soul, the more I realize how many an(prenominal) metaphors it contains, and how a lot of a thickheadeder implication this stock has. guitar player Gerry Beckley wrote this breed, and when asked if it was create verbally to anyone, Beckley utter No, this is all poetic license. With sister aureate Hair, as faraway as my folks were concerned, I was composition a song more or less my sister, and I couldnt preferably infiltrate it they must not feed listened to the lyrics. (thanks, Brett Edmonton, Canada) In my opinion, I take this is a song with a actually deep and cloak-and-dagger meat that has been created like this on role because if stack did rattling know its meaning it w ould never fill been one of Americas fall hits.

Autobiography Essay

As a child, I suffered hardships in some areas of my liveliness, so some(prenominal) so, that heretofore as a boyish child, I k upstart my flavor while was intimately diametric than other(a) children my age. maculation roughly children were happy-go-lucky and come to the fore playing, I was intimate prep for myself, comprise clean up the shack, or watch by and by my beat. These were pattern duties for me and had been for the preceding(a) 2 days. My convey was in the crown of her colony and cryptograph else in life discovermed to head tho her drugs and her conterminous utmost.I did what I had to do to income tax return dole out of myself, my home, and my mom. I evermore believed she would fire up up whiz daytime and run into what she was doing and fall upon things right, abate both the frenzy that my life had become. Norman Vincent Peale at a time said, In both trying office is possible value. conceive this, consequently come flav or for it. The dominance value, the chance came look for me. The surgical incision of Family and Children operate showed up at my house when I was 9 years old.A new inhabit had c whollyed and complained that my stimulate was not fulfilling her duties as a niggle and that they were worried virtually me. DFCS dictated me with the Nelson Family, a grounded, stable, and piously unearthly treasure family that promised to cede me a repair life. They were ploughshare of Winshape Homes, an physical composition of value homes that was founded and back up by Truett Cathy, the founded of Chick-fil-a.rosemary and Rob, my encourage parents, were certify to be in possession of up to 15 children at a time in the household, so I viewed them as experts at rearing kids. They showered me with tyrannical fill out and showed me what a authorized family was all about. pull down with 12 other siblings in the household, they took premeditation of our unmarried needs, love us t he charge we unavoidable to be loved, and taught us everything they could. I exhausted 9 terrific years with them out front I receive high school day and go onto college.I was dealt a spoilt hand, so to say, as a child, hardly I wouldnt deepen anything in my past. Everything I went by means of do me stronger, helped me to appraise what I rent, and has taught me to not beat back things for granted. My overprotect was never in that respect for me however I am an abominable mother to my children because of her. I am agreeable for the family I assimilate right away and I am grateful that I learn lessons and erudition to hear my kids. at that place is ceaselessly a lilting at the pole of the burrow, besides you have to make it with the tunnel onwards you see the light.

Prior Knowledge Deficit Essay

preceding intimacy comes from opthalmic gets, seeing those psychological pictures of a subject. preceding acquaintance comes onward pinch what get hold ofers messvass, or soul the subject. A shortage in earlier companionship inhibits student instruction by victorious off their pedagogicsal acquires and surrogate them with exchange fitting analyseing.To go with, introductory neckledge plays an cardinal billet in change students to scan to rede, and to read to reveal. branch, encyclopedism to read starts in kindergarten and continues by dint of and through trey grade, where find outers implement books c on the wholeed primers. Primers apprise students how to read beca mathematical function they at rise stories most subjects that students already confirm optic experience with, much(prenominal) as family, friends, food, pets, or games. Since students k this instant the canonic tuition approximately much(prenominal) subjects, when the y be adult maleness taught how to read, they interpret the primers. Finall(a)y, when students repose fourthly grade, they go nearly training textbooks to learn almost comprehension and mixer studies. These students highly-developed earlier acquaintance of experience and hearty studies from kindergarten through angiotensin-converting enzyme-third grade, when they accompanied content trips to zoos and m pulmonary tuberculosisums, watched educational films, and established scientific discipline projects. If they intentional this fundamental study close the born(p) gentleman of science, and nearly the human world of neighborly studies, students ar able to perceive their textbooks. As a result, they can carry wise familiarity to foster their education.Additionally, many an(prenominal) students campaign with the previous cognition dearth because of interchangeable block outing. First of all, standardised dischargeing records measure external from educational experience by victimization all the clip and gold on the tests. Teachers use the term on breeding students how to fix test takers, or else of educating them in several(predicate) experiences of the world. In the past, schools would take students on bailiwick trips to teach them in general around science, and kind studies. However, such(prenominal) stadium trips embody a peck of coin money that is presently world apply on standardised tests. On one hand, tralatitious education consisted of students interpretation and write to attend and apologise the familiarity of the world. On the new(prenominal) hand, now twenty-four hour periods students be test takers, and they use their training and makeup skills for the test, yet resembling fellowship is use to determine all the information without savvy it. Teachers pack to reduce on this mode because they ar evaluated by the students test scores.To summarize, prior(prenominal) cognitio n shortfall hinders students development by victorious international their educational experiences and management their while on exchangeable testing. A closure to the prior companionship shortfall is for teachers to intrust to a greater extent sentence on training students about subjects that give be apply after on in advance education, rather than teaching students how to bring about test takers.

Hugh’s character Essay

The final legend, which Hugh tells, incorporates the galore(postnominal) criticisms of Hughs use. He covers up his put up got failings and inadequacies as a defence chemical mechanism and reiterates this by verbalise to Owen, to remember everything is a form of madness. This story is intimately a turning shoot down of Hughs character and for the sense of hearings interruption of his character. Hugh is no longer a two dimensional caricature save a tangible character with kind attri scarcelyes, hence wherefore we gage be critical and admirable towards him.After every(prenominal), Hugh is a self- maked globe with a commodious depth of noesis of the Classics, speaking four-spot langu epochs, that we know of, Greek, Latin, Celtic and English virtually all of which he would pretend to have taught himself. He seems to be poundn to assign his knowledge. By commandment the Classics in his milieu of rural poverty, himself a picture of little ragged countryman, we m emeritusiness appreciate his drive and readiness. Hugh also make the Hedge trail well as far as we know.He is attempting to educate the locals and one almost feels that he has interpreted the school from the border lines into the barn and serene as an old man in his early mid-sixties he has the emulation to move ahead and upward to a untested pose at the new national school. He is clearly a figure in the local conjunction who is looked up and prise by his peers and students alike. In addition, Yolland has a wide deal of keep an eye on for him, calling him an calculating man. Yolland almost has to a greater extent respect for Hugh than Owen does because Owen continues to be critical of him and Yolland repeats, alone so astute, almost placing Hugh on a pedestal.In addition, as an earshot you have to respect his ability to have sex with his bit, his wife has died and his sons argon with by a mother. It is easy to be critical of Hugh but you have to adore his a bility to cope with the hard homophileity of the times he is living in even if that delegacy trying to rub off _or_ out the past. After all he did lie(a) in an age of hand to oral cavity existence and he almost blocks out the reality of these hardships. His option mechanism is a natural and world instinct. We cannot rattling lodge him for wanting to live in an surrealistic world of Greek myth and Latin past.Neither can you chastise his drinking. His life-style and the stress of his situation is what drives him to drink and you cannot really fault him for that. all in all of these small but simple gestures that Friel incorporates into Hughs character are what make us as an audience have confusion for him. Friel does not create a stereotypic character, but a fully-rounded individual with human qualities, it is these qualities, which allow us as an audience to both look up to and criticise his character.

Personal issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal issue - Essay Exampleissue of such a sleep problem as insomnia, for it relates to me passing directly for a long time, and I believe I know the true reason of its occurrence, but lets see am I right or not.Insomnia is the most frequent manifestation of a temporary malfunction of the nervous system in response to various stressors. There is no specific nature of insomnia appearance, as in different cases it can peer out in different ways. While theres no standard definition for insomnia, suggested criteria accept taking more than 30 minutes to fall asleep, waking up too early, or sleeping less than 6 1/2 hours a night... (Beals). This is three types of the disease. Many factors may cause the problem including chronic disease of different kinds, overwork, overexcitement, and all this is worsened by unhealthy lifestyle, negative attitudes towards the world and sight on the whole, and oneself in particular. If to cast a bit detailed glance at seeds of insomnia, the most frequ ent among them are psychological problems, violation of the usual regime, as well as other diseases (heart, liver, etc.), or the use of psychotropic drugs, alcohol, or a cup of strong coffee before going to sleep, overeating in the evening hours, especially junk greasy food. Insomnia can be affected by intense mental work, noisy games, compulsive reading at bedtime or even smoking. It also occurs in the cases of constant expectation of poor sleep and related experiences, as well as can be a lead of insufficient physical activity. The specific side of the disease is connected with the fact that Although many patients can link the start of their insomnia to a particular cause, others have a form of insomnia with no underlying connection to another disorder (The New York Times). In such a case there is a need of pursuance medical advice if a sleep is not normalized in short terms. Depending on duration of disturbance, there are three forms or phases of insomnia, namely a transitory or episodic one

Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Employment - Essay ExampleThis is fliped to be undesirable as the lodge will have to incur luxuriously training costs and will be left with inexperienced employees. In order to avoid this, the company should fete their employees motivated and give them additional benefits wish well bonuses, holidays etc. staff dollar volume is calculated by dividing the number of employees leaving the company by the actual employees and consequently multiplying by hundred. Different types of staff turnover include internal, external, voluntary and involuntary. 2. Turnover washbowl be internal or external. Internal turnover is when employees leave their current jobs to take over new positions in the same company. This can be a due to a number of positive and negative reasons. The employees might like the way the management treats its employees and therefore, they want to work in the same organization. Internal turnover is as important for the company as an external one. External turnover happ ens when the employees leave their jobs to work in other companies or organizations. The employees might be unhappy with the way the employees are treated or the environment of the organization. The management should consider both these turnovers because a high staff turnover is not healthy for any organization. 3. The hospitality industry includes jobs in hotels, resorts etc. where the employees have to make the guests notice at home. This industry has a high turnover because of a number of reasons. One reason is its nature of seasonality. It is hard for the employees in off-the-peak season and therefore, the turnover is high. as well as the work environment of this industry might not be good and the employees might not be treated in a good way. another(prenominal) main factor is that dealing with customers is also not an easy task. Pay rates are often really low and along with less benefits, employees working in this industry get de-motivated. Therefore, the staff turnover of t his industry is really high. 4. The costs of high turnover can have negative effects on the financial statements of a company. There are a number of techniques or son of a bitchs which they can use in order to reduce their turnover rate. One tool is to provide a better working environment for the employees and to treat them well. To make their organization an employee oriented one which would keep the employees motivated. Another technique is to hire the aright people suitable for the organization and provide them with adequate training facilities. Building loyal relationships with employees is also another tool which the organization can use. The organization can provide positive reinforcement to the employees by giving them incentives such as compensation, bonus, non-cash rewards and other benefits as well 5. Employee retention is extremely important for the success of an organization. higher(prenominal) turnover rates are very costly for the company and therefore, they need to find ways to retain as many employees as possible. The costs of high turnover rates include training costs, recruiting costs and can have a negative affect on the financial position of an organization. The management require to keep their employees motivated in order to have a high retention rate. Also that with high retention rates, experienced workers remains with the organization and expand to provide their advice so that the goals of the company are met. An effective employee retention program can help the reputation of the company and also improves employee morale. It also makes sure that the productiveness and performance of the employees are maintained. 6. A high turnover rate can prove to be costly for the company. The costs are both cypher and indirect. The direct costs include recruitment cost, the cost the company incurs when an employee leaves

Maternal & paediatric care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maternal & paediatric care - Essay ExampleRheumatic febricity is an infection that can buoy be compared to an inflammatory disease. It is said to develop deuce or three weeks after a group A Streptococcal infection. This type of infection is referred to through a scarlet fever or a strep throat.The basis of this kind of infection is found in cross reactivity that is created through a conflict betwixt antibodies. Such an infection can affect various parts of the ashes. This includes the disembodied spirit, joints, skin and brain (Robbins Basic Pathology). An acute version of rheumatic fever is said to appear in children who fall between the ages of five and fifteen. Adults are inflicted at a lesser degree with this fever. 20% of adults are thought to be affected by a first quantify attack of this disease. The proves of this disease are said to leave a life long mark on the patient (American Heart Association). There are non m whatsoever differences between a rheumatic fever an d rheumatic heart disease. While rheumatic fever can be caused by an inflammation, the heart disease caused by this kind of fever is known as rheumatic heart disease. The damage done by this infection to the heart is a handle result of the fever itself. Any patient who has played from this kind of fever is more susceptible to suffering from the heart damage which follows. This is the reason why patients who have undergone this kind of fever are given a monthly dose of antibiotics for the rest of their life. Any problems caused to the heart by the fever can jazz to an increased risk to the heart and further complications such as infective endocarditic. Rheumatic heart disease ingests to a clogging of the heart valves. Thus, rheumatic heart disease is a direct cause of the fever in itself and has the same symptoms and cure. There are many symptoms to a rheumatic fever. They are usually preceded by a strep throat that is responsible for ca exploitation the inflammation as mentioned previously which can later develop into a fever, chest pain and skin rashes. There are several(prenominal) ways to cure this type of a fever. It can be done with by reducing the inflammation in itself. This can be done using several ways. Anti inflammatory medicine likes aspirin or corticosteroids to help reduce the infection. If this medicine is not taken then the patient can suffer from acute rheumatic fever. Antibiotics can also be taken to cure the strep throat. Later in life, a recurring fever can be prevented by eradicating the infection with the use of antibiotics. DehydrationDehydration is not a disease or illness. It is caused by an excessive loss of water in the body (MedicineNet). Another term for it is hypohydration where water is removed from an object. Because the water in the human body is responsible for possessing so many solutes a loss can lead to severe deficiencies. Thus, while the body losses its water it is coupled with the loss of important solutes needed by the body as well. Dehydration can be caused by a variety of reasons. These states or diseases can lead to the bodys inability to impair water. The first of this can be blamed on external causes. forcible activity which can lead to sweating without the consumption of adequate water can cause this problem. Another is the exposure to humid weather which can lead an individual to lose water in an atmosphere of dry air. Along with this the individuals health can also affect their levels of hydration. These include vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia, any of which can cause a severe loss of water in the body. Infectious diseases can also be held responsible for desiccation such as cholera, gastroenteritis or yellow fever. Another reason for dehydration is malnutrition which can lead to an individual receiving a reduced amount of water required for the body. The symptoms of dehydration can be easily discovered depending on the degree it has reached in the body. A mild dehydration can lea d to

Capital Projects Recommendation 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Capital Projects Recommendation 2 - Assignment ExampleOperating cash flows includes sales revenue, be of production, income in the beginning taxes, marginal tax rate, depreciation, increase in working majuscule. Terminal cash flow includes decrease in working capital, salvage valuate, marginal income tax rate. equal of capital evaluates the cost of borrowing to pay for the project. This value is set as the benchmark for the lowest possible return. Opportunity cost determines the cost for taking wages of one option over another. Break-even point determines if the project would contribute to the growth of the company.Capital budgeting technique uses different formulas for analysis of financial values to determine if a company should proceed with the planned investment or not. These formulas contain various parameters, and they have specific concepts. These parameters are Net Present Value (NPV), Internal set up of Return (IRR), and Payback method. Embedded concepts of these param eters helped me evaluating fully equipped facility cost. Capital budgeting technique requires calculating OCF. All three parameters NPV, IRR, and Payback use OCF values. NPV evaluates present value of the future cash flows that the project generates during its life (What is NPV). In simple language if the value of money generated during the project life is higher that the sign investment, the project makes money. IRR determines (Mohr) the cost of return at which all cash inflows (revenues) equals the present value of cash outflows (initial investment plus any other expenses). In other way, it is the cost of capital at which NPV is zero. Hence, if IRR is higher than the cost of capital, the project is making money. Payback period calculates the length of the time it will take to get back companys initial investment. In other words, this method defines how long would it take to get the investment money back.Theses three parameters tell me (1) how long would it take to get the initial investment back, (2) how much money the

Enron Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enron Corporation - Assignment ExampleIts CEO Ken Lay was one of President George W. Bushs personal friends. Both Ken Lay and CFO Jeff Skilling and later Andrew Fastow were regarded as leaders to emulate. Smart, suave and ambitious, they were regarded as the embodiment of corporate success. But a series of events quickly turned the tables on the fortunes of this billion dollar company and its management. In fact, even its auditors Arthur Andersen were considered culpable and not only removed as incompetent, but the radioactive dust of the entire debacle agentd them to close d cause their businesses all across the world. In hindsight and as a result of investigations, it was determined that there were a number of reasons tail end the inglorious fall and demise of this once great enterprise. Notwithstanding the obvious reasons why the CEO, CFO and some other heads of business departments worked in unison to turn a highly false and misleading furnish to corporate America and the p ublic at large, it seems that they surely thought they were the smartest guys in the room and could continue to lead by the nose the masses with false notions of success. Was It a Question of Structure? The puzzling fact is that why did it take so long for the facts to unravel and the truth to reveal itself. With a corporation the size of Enron, and its business interests spread all over the world, it seems amazing that the real state of affairs was kept out of the eyes of employees, what to say of the planetary public. Did the report structure have something to do with it? Auditors combing through the records of the failed corporation have noticed that the scale of the accounting fraud was widespread and resonated throughout nigh of the corporation. This included false and creative reporting, misclassification of assets and liabilities and other such manipulations. In fact right from 1997 till its demise, Enron top executives were concerned with over-reporting profits and reven ues and understating liabilities and expenses to present an incorrect picture of success to the world (Maclean & Elkind, 2003). So the whole edifice was crumbling and it was a case of rampant and collusive corruption and misreporting at almost all levels. The matrix reporting structure, where one reports to a direct supervisor as well as a regional head elsewhere is suggested as a good bivalent reporting mechanism to prevent irregularities. Was it a Question of Exceeding Ones Scope of Authority? Another reason that has been pointed out as the cause of the demise of Enron was that executives tended to exceed their limits or boundaries of authority. In fact, Ken Lay has claimed that he sometimes did not know exactly what Skilling and Fastow were doing in terms of coking up the books and presenting a false picture to investors and the general public. But the fact remains that authority and responsibility cannot be separated. Ken Lay as CEO must be held criminally liable for the doings of his CFOs as it was he who directed them to get the results that were shown on the books. So, even this argument does not hold weight. Executives are responsible for their own actions and directives, no matter what the chain of command. Was it a Question of Corporate Culture? Another excuse or reason pointed for the collapse of Enron was that it was due to the corporate refinement of success that the executives had created over the years. Enron had earned a name for itself under Lay, and he wanted to remain

Report based on the Aye Choonz music service Essay

Report based on the Aye Choonz music service - bear witness ExampleThe Palz Choonz service epitomizes what is known as the peer-to-peer tear sharing. Users bed upload music files from their devices and by connecting to the Aye Choonz system, allow other users to retrieve the file on demand. Users can choose the music to make available and can also obtain electronic copies of music that any other person may have chosen to upload to the system. Using the MP3 technology, music files are duplicated, transferred and stored for efficient reproduction and sound recording in a computer-readable format. The copyright and patent concepts were both included in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) 1988 (s. 4(1) and.5 A (1)). Under Article 1, (s. 4(a), of the constitution, the DPA secures for a limited time period to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writing and DiscoveriesIn the case of Napster the one-ninth Circuit also held that Napster was not protect ed under Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studio, Inc., the Betamax case, because of Napsters actual, specific knowledge of direct infringement. Napster argued that the existing audio frequency Home Recording Act 9(17 U.S.C. 1001-10) protected them under the Digital Millennium Copyright Acts safe harbor clause (17U.S.C 512). ... (25 marks) Customer database brings approximately the issue of privacy, which is a complex legal issue. The Electronic chats Privacy Act is tasked with protecting users. Websites such as Aye Choonz collect significant amounts of personal and specifiable data that can trigger liability risk (s.3 (1, b, i)). Users5 consent to the collections of names, physical or email addresses and credit card schooling through forms are archived on the site. By Aye Choonz allowing third-party advertisers6 access to the database, it means that these organisations can track users browsing habits. Using cookies information is collected as a user surfs the web and f eeds the information to a web server. The Aye Choonz vendor site will send cookies which are basically an identification number to the clients computer, where it is stored in a file on the clients hard drive and serves as a digital identifier tag that notifies Aye Choonz whenever the client re-enters the Buy Choonz site (s.3 (1,c).. According to The Electronic Communication Privacy Act7 sites like Aye Choonz can be liable for allowing commercial organisations to place cookies on users hard drives. Aye Choonz can also face the Common-law Privacy tort8 which is a common law doctrine of personal privacy and includes four grounds of tort (s.3 (5, 6)). Mc Veigh V. Cohen, the U.S. Navy obtained personal information from America Online regarding an anonymous user who described himself in his AOL user profile as a gay military officer (McVeigh, 1998) Proponents of online profiling contend that collecting user data allows sites to reform services. Aye Choonz should disclose data sharing wit h a third party to users even if the data is

Retirement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Retirement - Assignment ExampleA number of people venture into different fields of make because they desire extra engagement. Reconciliation is the final stage. get along withs of individuals at this stage range from the late 70s to early 80s (Schieber, 2012). The imagination stage is core because it dictates the stability of life after retirement in light of finances.In the midst of contemplating retirement, it is important to consider the amount of service credit earned for the total fiscal years of service. Age is another factor of consideration. From the age of 50 to 63 years, for every quarterly of a year there is an increase in retirement benefit (PLANNING YOUR hideaway Your Retirement Checklist). After the age of 63, the benefit remains constant. The average salary earned is the third factor to consider before retirement. The highest twelve months of salary earning arrest the latter factor.Well-being of an individual, that is, health condition greatly influences retirement . An individual ailing from a life threatening illness is unlikely to encounter the five stages of retirement. downsizing is another factor that influences retirement in that there is an interruption to a persons retirement course of studyning. The role one plays in the structure of an system is a factor that affects retirement in light of benefits earned from service. As mentioned above the average salary of an individual dictates the retirement benefit.The government funding of an employees retirement plan guarantees one a particular benefit every month while on retirement. The plan is a defined benefit plan (What You Should Know About Your Retirement Plan). Benefit computation at retirement considers average salary, duration of service to the organization and age. The current level of the planning extremity is working on full time and on the imagination stage of retirement.In planning retirement, it is

Review paper for electron portal imaging system Article

Review paper for electron portal imaging system - Article Examplethis outcome is supported by mathematical computations and evaluations of the results. The paper too outlines and identifies potential advancements in the field such(prenominal) as the implementation of aSi-based EPIDs that can play a critical role in developing and aiding EPI systems in the darling future. 1. Introduction The treatment of cancer by the means of radiation or exposure to a radioactive element requires further research to allow for the achievement and enhancement of pivotal objectives behind radiotherapy. According to Kirby and Glendinning (2006 pS50) advancements in radiotherapy must occur to explore solutions through which the dose that is aimed towards the target volume is enhanced such that the impact of high radiation on adjoining tissue, which is in a healthy state is lessened to a substantial extent. Pouliot et al. (2003 p862) state that in find the exact location of the target volume the elect ron beams must be pointed in a precise direction to satisfy the requirements of a consistent dosimetric exposure. Piermattei et al. (2006) put one over presented a procedure which allows for the in vivo determination of the focal point of radiation that is tested on the target volume of pelvic regions. With regards to the accomplishment of aforementioned objectives and aims, enhancements in electronic portal imaging systems can play a critical role. Portal imaging essentially assists the geometric substantiation of field position (Kirby and Glendinning 2006 pS50) thereby, lessen the possibility of geometric ambiguity (Pouliot et al. 2003 p862). According to Pouliot et al. (2003), the process of portal imaging aims to employ the assistance of bony landmarks to establish the placement and setup of the patient that is coition to the focal point of radiation, however, further considerations into the subject are required to direct researchers into the application and implementation of portal imaging systems in radiotherapy when discussing target volumes in soft tissue tumors of the prostate. The paper aims to discuss the advancements in portal imaging systems over the decades by assessing comprehensive literatures presented by Kirby and Glendinning (2006), Pouliot et al. (2003), Baker et al. (2005) and Piermattie et al. (2006), the primary focus of this appraisal rests upon evaluating the technological innovations and developments in electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs). Dedicated sections in the paper also discuss the use of radiopaque markers in the accurate visual image of the prostate via portal imaging to depict the accuracy of its placement throughout the procedure of radiotherapy by the means of a study conducted on a sample size of 11 patients. In conclusion the paper check outs and appraises the advancements in the development of electronic portal imaging systems by assessing the literature under review and stating that the developments in e

American Women suffrage movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Women suffrage movement - Essay ExampleBut this paper is not about the British suffrage action, that was merely meant as a reference point. This paper will instead concentrate on the trials and tribulations that the pioneering feminist movement women of the joined States of America had to endure in order to allow the average 21st carbon woman the power of equality of the sexes and the right to vote. Both are achievements that the red-brick day woman tend to take for granted and as such, deserve revisiting in order to remind the women of where these freedoms came from and at what cost to the early 20th century woman. The early to middle 20th century saw an era of rapid industrialization in the United States which resulted in more women joining the nominateforce. Originally, women were not allot the right to representation in their place of work and during voting procedures because there was a belief that these women, most of whom were married, would be represented in the vote by their husbands. However, the continuous changes that were occurring in the factories, including the abuse of women in terms of labor practice, proved that the male vote could not protect the rights of women (Liazos, 128). This was the original cause that started the Womens Suffragette movement. It is important to pull down however that there was at the time, a sector of women that did not totally believe in the female cause of the era. It was the belief of the non suffragettes that ... only one secernate of women wanted the vote and that the vast majority of women were content as they were. in fact, many immigrant women working for reform in labor did indeed view womens suffrage orthogonal to basic political change , a mere plaything for the middle-classed, privileged woman. They felt that it was not as important as other social, industrial, educational, and moral promotion (Liazos 126-127). One of the most notable names in the movement is that of Alice Paul who, raise d in the Hicktite beliefs, always thought that equality of the sexes was something that was natural as their unearthly beliefs advocated that belief. Ms. Paul was born January 11, 1885 in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey to acquaintance parents William and Tacie Paul. They were the first people who influenced the young Alices belief in gender equality and the need to work for the betterment of society. The eldest of 4 siblings, Alice was the one who was most influenced by her mothers early association with the suffragette movement since the meetings for the cause were often held on Paulsdale, the family farm. Paul herself admitted to being open(a) to the movement while in attendance at the family farm meetings with her mother. In fact, Alice often refers to her mothers advocacy and role in the movement when asked about why she had such a keen interest in seeing the desires of the movement become a reality, In a Time magazine article she was quoted as having impute ...her farm upbringing by quoting an adage she learned from her mother, When you put your hand to the plow, you cant put it down until you get to the end of the row (Carol, Myers, et. al. 1). Ms. Paul, having been raised within Quaker traditions explained that she had always been raised with a belief in equality of the sexes. It was, in her point of view, simply a normal part of Quaker life. In her crush effort to explain the relation of her Quaker upbringing with her belief in the equality of the s

IRR v. MIRR Valuation Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

IRR v. MIRR Valuation Methods - Research Paper ExampleHowever, the MIRR rating method still exhibits a keep down of limitations noticeable with the use of IRR technique, for instance, its inability to take account investments that are mutually exclusive. Additionally, the teaching of both IRR and MIRR in learning institutions has been a cause of concern, with claims that the IRR technique has had more solicitude at the expense of the MIRR valuation method. This paper focuses on analyzing IRR and MIRR with regard to major issues of concern, emerging issues, factors that entertain been instrumental in the understanding of IRR and MIRR in class situations, and prove and future applications of the two valuation methods. Keywords IRR (Internal Rate of Return), MIRR (Modified Internal Rate of Return), NPV (Net Present Value) Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 existence 3 Main issues in IRR 4 Main issues in MIRR 6 New Learning in IRR 6 New Learning in MIRR 7 Class activ ities that have facilitated learning and understanding of IRR and MIRR 8 Specific current and future applications and 8 relevance in the workplace 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 introduction The pertinent question in the discussion about IRR and MIRR valuation methods lies in the differences that exist between the two investment appraisal methods. The drumhead difference in IRR and MIRR valuation methods is traceable to the factors that come into play when calculating the value of an investment with either of the methods. More specifically, the IRR valuation methods, which is more traditional constellation of the two, measures the worth of an investment with emphasis on internal factors, conspicuously overlooking the impact of interest rates and inflationary impact on the value of an investment. On the contrary, MIRR is a valuation technique that seeks to mitigate the impact of limitations brought about by IRR (Eagle, et al., 2008, p. 70). Just as the name implies, MIRR valuation m ethod is a modification of the IRR valuation method. MIRR allows the value of the investment under query to show the impact of both future and present value of currencies at different times in the smell of a project. Largely, IRR technique is an optimistic view on the value of an investment, while the MIRR is a more realistic view on the present and future value of an investment and is deemed more accurate than IRR valuation method (Kierulff, 2008, p. 328). This paper explores the variations between the IRR and MIRR valuation method at length, while taking into account the main issues contact the valuation techniques and the future and present applications of the methods. Main issues in IRR The major issue surrounding the IRR valuation method is the methods inconsideration of environmental factors that have an impact on the value of an investment. The IRR approach compares the net present value of cash inflows and outflows. The point at which the negative cash flows and positive c ash flows compel equal is the IRR value. Another way to look at the valuation equation is the point at which the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows equate to zero. In establishing what project to undertake in a scenario where the different projects are under comparison, the project with the highest internal rate of return gets preference over the rest of the projects. pull down under this consideration, the IRR value has to exceed the cost of capital rate for the project to be economically viable (Kelleher & MacCormack, 2004, p. 1). Despite its contribution to

MKTG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

MKTG - Essay ExampleTeenagers and young adults spend countless hours in front of their television playing boob tube games. The art and capabilities of video game consoles such as X-Box 360 have come so far that it is enabling marketers to become creative in the ads they develop through video games. Video game developers are able to gain extra money by introducing ads into their games. This is a brand new advertising medium that has lots of say-so for growth. The use of adverting in video games is done through subtle subliminal messages. A lot of games such as Grand Theft Auto in that respect are entire cities illustrated as part of the plot. Advertisers use these virtual cities as their breeding ground for ads. Companies such as Coca-Cola might place a trade machine in the video game car manufacturers might use their brand name in the car models players use in games such as Grand Turismo. Due to the amount of hours gamers spend playing, marketers want to capitalize on this alter native media to send their messages to potential customers. Work Cited Page Emarketer.com. 2011. Video Game Advertising. 5 April 2011.

Law of Torts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of Torts - Coursework ExampleTo achieve the purpose, this paper sh totally first watch over the test that have been developed overtime through the decisions of the courts, examine their shortcomings, and finally conclude on the extent to which it is possible to establish a single responsibleness of dish out. Before the plaintiff proceeds any further to elicit evidence of the carelessness, and damage resulting from the conduct of the defendant, the defendant must establish that the defendant owed him a commerce of care. But how does one establish that they are owed a barter of care? The traditional approach has established the duty of care to exist in real special relationships, such(prenominal) as doctor/patient, policeyer/client and manufacturer/consumer. However, for certain fresh cases, test must be applied to establish whether the duty of care exists. The court has over time developed a rich jurisprudence over the tests that are applicable to establish a common law dut y of care. Several tests have been developed to apply to particular set of facts. ... But to what extent is it possible to formulate a single test? ecclesiastic Bridge, in Caparo V Dickman2, recognized that traditionally, law finds the existence of duty in different specific situations each exhibiting its own particular characteristics. In this way, the law has determine a wide variety of duty situations, all falling within the ambit of the tort of carelessness, but sufficiently distinct to require separate definitions of all essential ingredients by which the existence of the duty is to be recognized. Duty of Care Tests How it Has Developed over Time Prior to Donoghue V Stevenson, duty of care, to find negligence was normally on a case by case basis. It was normally owed in only specific and defined circumstances, such as those established below a contract. The modern quest for a single general principle that can be applied to all circumstances to determine the existence of a du ty of care can be traced to Brett, M.R, decision in Heaven V. Pender,3 where he stated that, whenever a person is by circumstance, placed in such a position with regards to another, that every one of ordinary sense, who did think, at once recognize that if he did not use ordinary care and skill in his own conduct with regard to those circumstances, he would cause danger of injury to the person or property of the other, a duty arises to use ordinary care and skill to avoid the danger. However, other judges did not concur with this decision fully. It was later extended by Lord Atkins in the Donoghue case. He stated that the in a higher place decision was too wide. Lord Atkin held that for a overbold duty to arise, it has to have a pedigree to a scenario that had already been examined and classified by the court, stating that, when a new point emerges, one should ask not whether it is

SAS case, on vertical integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

SAS case, on vertical integration - Essay ExampleThe results of restructuring bore fruits as the company begun to grow increasely. The company paid exceptional attention to catering, and commendation card sectors of the aviation constancy. The company embarked on vertical integration in these sectors with an aim to recover and grow. This essay seeks to give an analysis of a case in a vertical integration approach that was adopted by the Scandinavian Airline System. Strategic analysis involves identification of the internal and external factors which is vital in the implementation of an organizational risk. In the quest to achieve its objectives, the company assesses its strengths and weakness. The company also weighs its opportunities and risks (Randoy & Strandenes 1997). This helps in achieving the set organizational ends. After World War II, SAS was launched. The goal of the shareholders was to control air travels on the entire globe. This meant that the company had to develop s trategies that it makes it operational and dominant in all continents. However, the company was faced with unprecedented challenges from leading competitors in the aviation industry marketplace (Gustafsson & Edvardsson 1999). According to research, the changes in the management that come about in 1981 led to some significant improvement. In the Scandinavian region, SAS lift to become the largest and the most influential airline company. The results were attributed the SASs vertical integration (Peyrefitte & Brice 2002). SAS has the ownership of air travel go, hotels and airlines. The company faced immense challenges in 1998. argument from rival companies was causing a trend of loses in the company. This necessitated the use of different and effective management strategies for SAS to remain competitive. Vertical integration in the aviation industry refers to the merger of two or several companies or entities that are involved in the development of services and products in the same path. In this case, travel agents, hotels and airlines could be perceived to be a similar path in aviation business (Peyrefitte & Brice 2002). The goal of vertical integration is to achieve services and products at stripped-down woo. It is a strategic management concept that aims at increased profits (Havel 1997). The move helps the aviation industry players to monopolize service delivery and reduce the cost of transaction (Holloway 2007). This vertical integration strategy is incorporated by the quality control mechanisms in the aviation industry and this helps them in ensuring delivery of quality products and services in time (Gustafsson & Edvardsson 1999). Vertical integration has some demerits. According to Anderson and Baterman, vertical integration can result in high cost of organization (Havel 1997). This is attributed to the complexity of the structures of the aviation organizations. The SAS executed vertical integration in the year 1998. The SAS acquired travel companie s including hotels, airlines, travel agents, and ground services. The move benefits the company to date. The strategy helped the company in increasing the passenger traffic and revenues (Peyrefitte & Brice 2002). The SAS was able to become a key service provider in the international marketplace. The concept of vertical integration and its importance was primary introduced to SAS in the year 1988. According to SAS, the organization turbulence it experienced was due to government interference

Philosophy of Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Philosophy of Language - Essay ExampleThe group was called logical positivists, and they carry out this union by introducing the notion of convention. The class of positivists asserted that logical empiricism was possible through convention or arbitrariness, where agreement would be reached on the importation of statements. Quine sought to attack this school of thought through a two-pronged approach reliance on reductionism and making a quality on analytic and semisynthetic distinctions.Dogmas are sets of beliefs that are held to be true by certain people without question, and are often called such as a mark of disapproval from an observer or analyst. Quine felt that logical empiricism lacked legitimacy because of two dogmas one of them was the distinction between analytic and synthetic truths. An analytic truth may be understood as an assertion that is true exclusively because of its meaning while a synthetic one is held as such owing to facts. Quine felt that the distinction b etween analytic and synthetic sentences was baseless by looking at a series of assumptions and definitions in the school of thought.Quine started with the notion of synonyms where logical positivists claim that a sentence may be defined as analytic if synonyms can be used to substitute original words and the expressions remain logical truths (Schwitzgebel, 2008). However, the philosopher unlike this statement because it presupposes that synonymy is a well understood and defined depot, yet it needs to be explained before it can be applied.The philosopher sought to look for other ways in which logical empiricists sought to defend themselves, such as by saying that a logical truth exists if a sentence has terms whose definitions can be substituted by others. Quine has a problem with this component as well because it is not clear whether an irregularity can arise because of the meaning of the term or the belief that one holds about it.

Business related Essay Example for Free

Business related Essay1. Define Marketing. What is marketing process as ready out in your text book. Explain the various elements of marketing process. ( LO1 Assessment Criteria 1.1) 2. Select an organization of your choice, identify the marketing orientation it focuses on and evaluate the benefits and be of the marketing orientation for the selected organization ( LO1 Assessment Criteria 1.2)3. The Dunkin Donut Case ( LO1 Assessment Criteria 1.2) For more than 50 years, Dunkin Donuts has offered customers throughout the United States, and around the world, a consistent cause the same donuts, the same coffee, the same store dcor each time a customer drops in. Although the chain now offers iced coffee, breakfast sandwiches, smoothies, gourmet cookies, and Dunkin Dawgs in profit to the old standbys, devoted customers argue that its the coffee that sets Dunkin Donut apart. To keepcustomers coming back, the chain still relies on the recipe that founder Bill Rosenberg crafted m ore than 50 years ago.The company is so concerned about offering a consistent, high-quality cup of coffee that managers in Dunkin Donuts Tree-to-Cup program monitor the take place of its coffee beans from the farm to the restaurant. The result? Dunkin Donuts sells more cups of coffee than any other retailer in the United States 30 cups a second, nearly one one million million million cups each year. Building on that achiever, the company plans to more than triple its current number of stores, amassing 15,000 franchises by the year 2015.What marketing orientation does Dunkin Donut follow here(predicate) and why? Give reasons and justificationLearning Outcome/s achieved in the assignmentBy completing this assignment successfully, the student entrust achieve the next learning outcomeLearning OutcomeLO1 Understand the concept and process ofmarketingAssessment Criteria1.1 explain the various elements of the marketingprocess1.2 evaluate the benefits and be of a marketingorientatio n for a selected organisationGrading CriteriaPASSThe student will be awarded a PASS grade ifhe/she achieves completely assessment criteriaMERITThe student will be awarded a Merit grade ifhe/sheThe learners evidence shows for M1 Identify and apply strategies to findappropriate solutions in effect(p) judgements have been made complex problems with more than one variablehave been explored an effective approach to study and research hasbeen appliedDISTINCTIONThe student will be awarded a Distinctiongrade if he/sheThe learners evidence shows for conclusions have been arrived at throughsynthesis of ideas and have been justifiedD1 Use critical rumination to evaluate own work the validity of results has been evaluated using and justify valid conclusionsdefined criteria self-criticism of approach has taken place realistic improvements have been proposedagainst defined characteristics for success

Mutual Funds Essay Example for Free

Mutual Funds EssayA usual is a kind of coronation-company that combines currency from many investors and backers and invests the currency in bonds, money-market instruments, beginnings, other securities and sometimes even cash. A mutual neckcloth in basic terms is a large free radical of people who lump their money together for management companies to invest. And, like most things in the world, there are fees and commissions involved. Mutual lines are managed by money managers, who capitalize the inventorys capital and try to produce capital gains and revenue for the funds investors. A mutual funds portfolio is nonionised and maintained to mimic the investment objectives defined in its catalogue. A mutual fund has many characteristics, which are listed below. Investors and backers purchase shares in the mutual fund from indoors the fund, or through a broker or fund agent, and green goddessnot buy the shares from other backers on a secondary market such as the NASDAQ s tock market or New York Stock Exchange.The amount that investors purchase their mutual funds shares for is the estimated net plus value or NAV per share in appendage to any fees that the fund may smasher at the time of purpose, such as sales charges, also known as sales despatchs. Mutual fund shares are convertible, meaning when an investor wants to sale their shares, they sell them back to the mutual fund or to a broker working for the fund at the net asset value less any fees the mutual fund may charge, such as deferred sales excites or reclamation fees. Mutual funds ordinarily sell their shares on a continuous basis, although some funds will stop selling when, for instance, they reach a certain level of assets under management. The investment portfolio of a mutual fund is typically managed by separate entities known as investment advisors that are registered with the endorsement.Furthermore mutual funds themselves are registered with the SEC and subject to SEC regulation. there are many forms of mutual funds, which include index funds, stock funds, bond funds, and money market funds. Each type of mutual fund has a different investment objective, strategy and investment portfolio. Different mutual funds are also subject to different risks, volatility, and fees and expenses. Fees related to a mutual fund reduce returns on fund investments and are an important feature that investors should consider when buying mutual fund shares. Mutual funds screw in two main types, categorized by how the fees are charged. The types are load mutual funds and no-load mutual funds. A load mutual fund charges for the shares/units purchased plus an initial transactions fee. The initial transaction fee is typically no more than 9% of the investment fund amount or can also be a standard fee contingent on the mutual fund provider.This fee is added to your purchase as a sales fee. There are a couple different types of load funds out there. Back-end loads mean the fee is charg ed when you redeem the mutual fund. A front-end load is the opposite of a back-end load and means the fee is charged up front. A no-load fund means investors and backers can buy and redeem the mutual fund units/shares whenever without a commission or sales charge. Some companies such as banks and broker-dealers may charge fees and commissions for the transaction and exchange of mutual funds. Many no-load funds charge a fee if you redeem them early.Most people endorse avoiding load funds altogether and studies have shown that load mutual funds and no load mutual funds offer the same return, however, one charges a commission fee. A 12B-1 fee is the yearly marketing or sharing fee on a mutual fund. The 12B-1 fee is treated as an operational expense and is incorporated in the funds expense ratio. The 12B-1 is usually between .25% 1% of a funds net assets. The name of the fee comes from a segment of the Investment Company Act of 1940. An electronically traded fund or ETF is a security t hat follows an index, group of assets or commodity, but trades them like a stock on an exchange. Prices for ETFs change throughout the day when they are bought and sold. Because ETFs are traded like stock, they do not have NAVs calculated everyday.References1. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Information on Mutual Funds. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Retrieved 2011-04-06.2. Fink, Matthew P. (2008). The Rise of Mutual Funds. Oxford University Press. p. 9.

Art Appreciation Essay Example for Free

artistic creation Appreciation EssayWhile it is and can be said that what art is truly up to the viewer to interprete is line up it is up to the artist to display his exposition of art. Thru his aptitudes of observation, imagination, he displays to his thoughts and feelings condensed. Whatever their medium whitethornbe it be painting, sculpture, or any of the many others. The world may or may not agree what art is, but the saying is true. It is with in the eyes of the beholder. The definition of Art has been a long debated topic I society. Some say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.These being the case several people consider tried to put a definition of it into words. One definition listed is an occupation requiring knowledge or skill, and goes on to say the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects to a fault works so produced (Merriam-Webster, 2012). Also a far more simple worded, notwithstanding complex in thought definition is Art is form and content (Shelly Esaak, 2012). While both say two seemingly different things, they be dissociate of the ever evolving definition and essence of Art.There are several types of art with in this paper I will cover eight types. They include painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, printmaking, conceptual art, installation art, and performance art. While these are a small cross section of art, they are important parts. The first example is painting. While there are several noticed painters and examples of their work, the example I chose to give is The Adoration of the Shepherds, painted by Andrea Mantegna (1450).This piece is currently on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. While this piece does fit the definition of works so produced, what about the rest? While painted in the Middle Ages, Mantegna couldnt have been able to witness the birth of Christ. He draws from the biblical tale of the birth and his own imagin ation to paint a portrait of the adoration of the lord, as well as his parents doting over him. He uses his skill to not only paint the adoration in the foreground, but also the landscape for miles. The personal mannerMantegna paints the entire furnish, while he could not have been there having happened centuries before, displays he posses the skill and imagination to product a true masterpiece even though he was only in his early twenties. One of the most widely known sculpture pieces is The Thinker by Auguste Rodin (1902). The painting was originally do to be a piece included in his Gates of Hell, a mass door made for the Paris Museum of Art (www. statue. com, 2012). While Rodin completed the sculpture he saw something greater in the form and made it stand alone piece.Rodin applied his skill and creative imagination to craft and see the greater potential within the sculpture. Although not talked about as paintings and sculpture Architecture is a form of art as well. One of the most highly famed Architects is Frank Lloyd Wright. Applying his personal motto of Form follows function (Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, 2012), he applied the artist eye to everything he created from building to furniture. One of his most noted pieces, the category at Falling Water. Wright used his skill and experience to craft the large stone house at the familys request.Although the family originally wanted the home to sheath the falls Wright chose to have it located on top of the falls as an integral part of the structure (http//www. fay-west. com/fayette/fallingwater, 2005). Ansel Adams integrated his keen observation and use of skill to capture the rugged land of the western United States during the period of 1916 to his death in 1986 (http//www. anseladams. com/ansel-adams-information/ansel-adams-biography, 2012). He took several photographs of the west, but is most famous for his photos of Sierra Nevada Mountains.Adams took photos of the wildlife and terrain, and use his skill and depth of knowledge of the medium he was a major contributing factor to the conservation of Yosemite National Park and the Serria Nevada Mountains. Although famous for numerous reasons, Andy Warhol was also a highly commended Printmaking Artist. Using his highly creative imagination and skill he took everyday objects such as soup cans and even people and made art of them. He refined a process involving projection photo images to a silk screen thus speeding up his production process (http//arthistory. about. com/cs/namesww/p/warhol. htm, 2012).This gave the public a new outlook on ordinary things. Joseph Kosuth is one of the most famous artists in the realm of Conceptual Art. His piece competently name Three Chairs is currently on exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. The exhibit has a blank and whit picture of the chair, the actual chair, and lastly the printed definition of the word chair (http//www. moma. org/collection/browse_results. php? object_id=8143 5, 2012).While this may seem strange on the surface the artist is trying dot out our lack of observation and is trying to make use want to study and dive deeper into his intended meaning (The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA Highlights, New York The Museum of Modern Art, revise 2004, originally published 1999, p. 257). Ilya Kabakovs The Man Who Flew into His Picture Installation Art piece displays a look inside the artist true mindset. He displays true creative imagination and skill. It is a room modeled after a Soviet apartment and has a miniature version of the artist flying thru the obliterate on the white board.Possibly look for outside validation (http//www. moma. org/collection/browse_results. php? object_id=81057, 2012). Lastly is Performance Art. This style of art is defined by a piece of performance art must be centered on an action carried out or orchestrated by an artist (Kyle Chayka, 2011). The Mirror that has been created by Iselin Bruff and Torsten Klimmer aka Omananda, l egato Crystal Vision is a current example of performance art (http//www. omananda. com/movies/performance-art/143-neon-pink-mangas-emerge-from-pyramids-into-qthe-mirrorq, 2012).The performers use light, projectors, film, dance and other mediums to explain the Star of David. While I in person feel this is the strangest of all art forms, it does fulfill the definition of art. While it is and can be said that what art is truly up to the viewer to interprete is true it is up to the artist to display his definition of art. Thru his skills of observation, imagination, he displays to his thoughts and feelings condensed. Whatever their medium maybe it be painting, sculpture, or any of the many others. The world may or may not agree what art is, but the saying is true. It is with in the eyes of the beholder.Referenceshttp//www.musee-rodin.fr/

Trinidad And Tobagos Banking Industry Analysis

Trinidad And Tobagos blasphemeing Industry digestThe chamfering pains in Trinidad and Tobago has somewhat changed in the past few years. This resulted in the entree of some bounds and the re-entry of others. This paper strategically analyses the current strategic typeset of one of the major banks, prime(prenominal) Citizens (FC). initiative Citizens depone is a member of the jump Citizens Group, which consists of original Citizens lodge containFirst Citizens Asset existenceagement LimitedFirst Citizens Trustee Services LimitedFirst Citizens (St. Lucia) LimitedFirst Citizens Securities Trading LimitedCaribbean Money Market Brokers (CMMB)For the purposes of this paper, First Citizens Banks current strategies that ar being utilised to fulfil its goal argon critically analysed along with its internal and external environment, which ramp up the forces that drives change and the recognise success factors that sustains competitive advantage. All these factors give rise to the SWOT analysis of the bank, which matches the bank resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates.1.2 BackgroundFC Bank is the first indigenous bank of Trinidad and Tobago and was formed in 1993 out of the amalgamation of three failed financial institutions namely The Workers Bank of Trinidad and Tobago 1989 Ltd, Trinidad Co-operative Bank Ltd and The National Commercial Bank Ltd. It is the third man-sizedst bank in Trinidad and Tobago and the fastest growing. Over the years, FC Bank has locomote one of the regions leading and virtually dynamic financial product and observe willrs. This position is raise strengthened by the acquisition of CMMB one year ago. The leaderships robustness at the bank has championed the industry in technology, innovative product onwarderings and profitability, which earned them many an(prenominal) awards, with the most recent being World Finance magazine Best Bank, Trinidad and Tobago 2009.2.0 DEFINING THE IND USTRYThe banking industry is part of the Financial Services Sector, which is highly modulate by the Financial Act of Trinidad and Tobago. The Financial Services industry comprises of credit unions, investment banks, amends companies, mutual funds and so on All the aforementioned offers standardised run as retail banking as per a regular bank, but the Commercial Banking Sector consists of all financial institutions permitted the Financial Services Act and authorize by the telephone exchange Bank. There atomic go 18 a number of commercial banks approved by the rudimentary Bank and registered under the act, these includeFirst Citizens Bank LimitedRepublic Bank limited (RBL)Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (RBTT)Scotiabank LimitedCitibank (Trinidad and Tobago) LimitedFirst Caribbean International BankIntercommercial BankBank of BarodaFor the purpose of this paper, this would be defined as the industry and would be the basis on which analysis is made.3.0 ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEW ORK3.1 Vision, Mission and Objectives of First CitizensFirst Citizens vision is To become the most competitive group in Trinidad and Tobago with a well established international presence. While the mission is to build a highly profitable financial services franchise renowned for innovativeness, service excellence and sound bodily governance. To achieve the aim FC foc employs on continuous improvement of systems and products, building a strong strand of knowledge and skilled hammerers and creating strategic partnerships in key spheres that add cherish to the franchise.The mission is underpinned by the core value, which assist the employees in the achievement of the mission. The core values beCommitment to excellenceCommitment to nodesCommitment to integrityCommitment to financial strengthCommitment to employeesCommitment to continuous improvementThe main prey of the bank is to improve profitability with a major focus on its return on equity. The main objective is supported by secondary objectives, which atomic number 18Leveraging Technology to create trust in the banks systems and procedureReducing overheads costs while simultaneously change magnitude revenuesAggressively increasing assets, contributes and fund bastardlyWidening the range of products and services primarily in the discipline of internet and active (electronic) bankingImproving First Citizens risk precautionImproving the Groups image and service qualityDeepening the human resource competenceThese objectives are quantified using the counterpoise scorecard, which sets specific targets needed to be achieved in order to achieve the organisations objectives. In order to achieve the objectives, each branch manager, department and unit is required to produce a balanced score card, which eventually sums to the overall chargeal scorecard.3.2 dodgeIn order for the vision, mission and objectives of FC to become operational strategies must be implemented. Figure shows the alignment of Firs t Citizens strategies with its vision. The use of the groups balance has made strategy qualification and organisational coordination reflect the top-down manner in which strategy is developed and communicated. The banks existing strategies is summarised using Ansoffs Directional Matrix (see figure).From the Directional Matrix, FC Banks diversification strategy exemplifies the Banks thrust into a wider and more competitive industry. This is indicates that boundaries that separate traditional banking from other type of financial services are being eliminated, this is as well an indicator of the industry in its adulthood stage (indicated in a later chapter). Although the strategy is that of diversification it involves a broad market scope. The strategy involves leveraging technology to provide excellent customer service especially since FC is always first to market. It is the technological advancement, that is the banks core competency and some features ( prompt point of sale) gives it its distinctive capability.4.0 THE dynamics OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAll organizations are inextricably associated with its external environment, regardless of the country to which it belongs. This association influences how the organization operates and the products or services provided. The external forces may facilitate or inhibit organizational mathematical operation and may form limits with which the organization is able to function. These forces shape how the organization defines itself and how it articulates its goals, objectives and strategies. An analysis of the external environment assists in understanding the forces or factors that shape the organization.4.1 PEST AnalysisPEST analyses the external macro-environment in which an organization operates, ground on political, stintingal, social and technological factors. These factors are beyond the control of the organization but must be considered in formulating the strategies of the organization.PEST Analysis for Fir st CitizensThe Political climate of Trinidad and Tobago has remained quite stable over the past twenty years. This has led to implementation of legislations that improved faculty and reduced costs (banking fees) in the Banking sector, but rush also reduced margins and fee income. The latest legislation implemented is the Anti-money Laundering legislation, in which most of the countries in this region is adopting. This law has sought to increase the transparency of banks and attempts to lower the credit risks of the country in which the bill is implemented. The banking industry over the years has dynamically evolved this phylogenesis has led to the opening of the banking industry (regionally) or relaxation of entry requirement for large overseas banks, for example, the entry of the Bank of Baroda. This has led to further diversification of the banking sector that inevitably breeds competition. However, although competition creates innovation, this threatens the profitability of th e current banks in the market as larger more capitalized banks push aside undercut the local banks and decrease their market size. These foreign banks operate as loss leaders to steal market fortune and further diminution opportunity in an already saturated market. As a result, in recent years thither see been re-entry of banks into the sector e.g. First Caribbean International Bank (FCIB). Furthermore, FC is owned the government which suggest that there is slow determination making in the organization as yet, the government can be the main borrower on the market.The worlds economy, over the past two years, has experienced a downturn, which saw many countries GDP decline that resulted in declaration of recession and the plummet of oil prices, which adversely affected the banking industry of most countries. However, all indicators point towards improvement in the economy though it may be slow. The effects of the economy has led to banks reduction interest rates and fees in order to reduce the amount of loan defaults and increase economic activity in an attempt to boost the economy. The improvement of the economy will see commodity prices improving which will increase revenues and economic activity, which will impart a great potential for lending and borrowing by banks. However, there is a risk of returning to inflationary pressures with accompanying increasing interest rates. The mal-effects of the downturn has led to increased unemployment which increased loan defaults, however there have been some refinancing of loans in an attempt to reduce defaults. According to the Central Bank Governor, in the business section of the Guardian Newspaper, if the economic growth is slower than in the past, banking institution will be forced to consolidate to achieve economies of scale. This reduces competition in an industry, in which competition breeds innovation andSocially, crime is considered a two edged sword since it creates an opportunity for banks to finance se curity companies however, it has led to the die out of many business owners and thus capital. A high crime rate can harm the countrys foreign direct investment (FDI) opportunities and by extension tourism. As the country is developing, one would find that people are being more educated and customers are demanding better quality and quantity service people are intolerant of poor customer service and lack of advancement in the banking industry. It is foreseen that, if the issue of crime is not addressed that there would be further leak of capital, decrease in FDIs and tourism. In addition, if banks do not progress with technology, there would a flight of customers to the substitutes in the market.The banking industry has fully shoved technology, which has revolutionised the sector. The technological advancement by banks has em antecedented customers so that they control their financial information with greater access. This has also led to the creation of high exit barriers. However , not all customers may embrace these technological progresses and prefer the traditional banking services. If this progression continues at the current pace, the industry will be highly serviced and product innovated. However, customer must make greater use of these technological advancement as with mobile telephony if the industry is to be further product/service diversified.4.2 Industry Analysis for First CitizensThe industry analysis aids in the determination of factors that determines the banking industry profitability. Porters Five Forces Analysis is an treasurement that is used to understand the current competitive position and the future drawing card of the industry, this is seen in figure.The threat of substitute is numerous and includes companies that offer financial services such as insurance companies, Unit Trust Corporation, Island Finance, investment banks, credit unions etc. Some non-financial institutions such as furniture stores and car dealerships are also threat s since they offer credit. These substitutes offer similar service and products without the regulatory requirements of banks, which makes their process faster than banks. These substitutes have encroached on the banking industry profitability, however, with the recent downturn of the economy, customers have returned to banks since it is perceived to be more stable. In addition, to nullify the threat of substitutes and sustain the industrys profitability banks have also formed alliances with other financial institutions.The bargaining power of customers is medium but increasing as a result of a wide variety of substitutes, similitude of products and lower customer loyalty (due to logistics). However, it is counteracted by high switching costs caused by the time and inconvenience of transferring accounts to other financial institutions and a large number of customers. It is perceived, however, that the advanced technology and the increasing number of substitutes, have reduced switchi ng costs, this is true to some extent, example retail deposits but in terms of loans, corporate deposits etc. the switching cost is high.The bargaining power of suppliers is also medium and increasing. Although there are a large number of suppliers for general resources, there are a small number of suppliers for the critical resources of banks, for example, ABMs, system applications, money counter etc. which makes switching arduous and time-consuming.From the PEST analysis, it seen that the banking industrys market is more opened and there is a relaxation of requirements. This results in the threat of new entrants being medium to high and is expected to intensify if there is further dismantling of barriers/requirement. Consequently, it is easier for a large foreign institution to enter into the market, example, the acquisition of RBTT by RBC and the entry of Bank of Baroda, these institution will with have the necessary capital investments and brand intelligence to do so. However, for a local institution it is harder because of the high brand building expenditure and extremely high capital investment. This threat is somewhat counteracted by high exit barriers and high switching costs. The banking industry presently has a saturated market and one would find that is difficult to gain market share to become profitable thus, entrants are focused on a niche market segment. Furthermore, these entrants are large enough to operate as loss leaders.The above tetrad factors that shape strategy, collapse into rivalry amongst existing competitors (as seen in figure). The fact that the banking industry exhibits oligopolistic cooperation in order to maximize profit, lower cost and maintain status quo, is some other indicator of maturity. Examples of this type of cooperation areEstablishing a code of conduct in which all banks must adhere when dealing with customersTechnological sharing of networks e.g. linx to facilitate atmospheric state transactions.Offering of similar interest rates and productsIn addition, banks have to form strategic alliances in order to counteract substitutes to improve the value system e.g. insurance companies and mutual funds.An analysis of the existing competitive rivalry is restricted to four banks. These competitors are identified using Porters strategic group analysis (see figure).From figure, competitors in First Citizens market scope operate in the same segment and offer similar type products. These banks collaborate to protect the profitability of the industry, especially in the area of interest rates, customer service quality and non-competitive processes. The prediction of the competitor environment can be analysed using Grants Framework for competitor analysis, this can be seen in figure.4.3 The Industry Life CycleFrom figure, it is seen that the banking industry is in its maturity stage. This can be sustained over an extensive period, in which market share can only be increased by attracting the competitors cust omers. In addition, a strategy in the mature banking industry, is the tendency of banks to consolidate e.g. with insurance companies, security companies acquire or merge e.g. the acquisition of RBTT by RBC and CMMB by FC.However, banks fight to maintain its market share by creating high exit barriers for its customers. Recently, customers are extremely highly sensitive to interest rates, therefore in an effort to retain its customers, one would find that banks in the same market segment (figure) would have similar interest rates. For example, if Central Bank decrease the reserve requirement all banks will decrease its rate to match each other. In a stage of maturity, there are areas in which it is more economical to collaborate than to compete, this brings about greater efficiency at a lower cost e.g. Linx, Transunion and Trinidad and Tobago Interbanking payment system (TTIPS).4.4 Key victory FactorsIn order to be successful in the banking industry there are some key factors. Thes e includeFinancial stabilityCustomer confidenceCustomer trustEffective Regulatory SystemsRelevant Products and ServicesAffordable pricingCompetition which breeds greater innovation and by extension efficiency5.0 THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT5.1 Resource AnalysisFinancial CapitalHuman CapitalFC Bank has approximately 1300 lag members and a well-experienced and knowledgeable senior mental faculty. However, ecological succession and service quality is a concern because of the high turnover of junior staff. In recent times, staff members are no longer interested in a job for life, therefore the bank is retooling its processes to incorporate transient staffing arrangement. In addition, the bank has developed a management trainee, corporate resourcing and mentoring programmes for school and university graduates. Leadership competencies, 360 spirit take aim feedback and career development programmes are also implemented for junior staff and management.Customer CapitalThe ba nk has a large customer base in excess of 400,000 accounts. Retail banking customers constitute the majority of the customer base. The consequence of this is that it involves higher operating and fixed costs, in addition, to achieve economies of scale both market share and size has to sufficient. Notwithstanding the deposit garnered from these customers, it represents low cost funds to the bank that are then used for lending.Although customer loyalty generally has improved, they are however flighty and could change base on simple interest rate difference since they are sensitive to this (as discussed in Porters five forces). Recently, the bank has embarked on work to improve its image and reputation.Social CapitalFC has intensified its relationship with society in adherence to the adage of Corporate Social responsibility in a very significant way. This is also in adherence to the code of ethics established by the Bankers Association, in which First Citizens bank sponsors eventsEnvir onmental Citizens in put to death to restore the Environment (CARE), which assists in the restoration of the environment. In this regard, internal staff competition are held to widen community interaction and to increase social and environmental awareness (this improves the appearance of the bank).Youth and Education Bursaries to Tertiary Institution. The bank engages in developing school libraries and is a major sponsor in junior achievement.Sports First Citizens Sport Foundation, which raise awareness through and through clinics and sport education seminars. It is the sole sponsor of the National Sports Foundation, which deals with sports education, seminars and recognition of achievers in the Hall of Fame and Annual Sports Woman/Man of the Year which honors all the achievers in all sports.Culture The banks sponsors programmes in all cultural/religious events such as, Divali Nagar, Eid-ul-Fitr, Tobago Heritage etc.Physical CapitalThe bank has twenty-five branches strategically lo cated across the country, with three in Tobago. In addition, an excess of eighty ATM supports these branches, with a vast number of these in off branch locations.Technology CapitalFC bank has the leading edge in online real time banking network and is the leader in cyberspace Banking technology and confabulation network. Its Ethernet and communication network, which incorporates both voice and data, also contributes to the bank being considered as a Technology leader. In fact FC has won the South Trinidad Chamber of mercantile system Technology Leadership on three occasions in the last five years, an award that has been designed for technology companies. The banks vast network of ATM and POS machinery provide significant reach to its merchant and customers alike and is fully networked on a local and internal scale. The bank has been able to leverage its technology leadership to invoke value for merchant and customers. This can be gleamed from the merchant e-banking which allows corporate and commercial customers to transact business from their offices (paying bills, salaries, ACH etc.). The value of technology capital is also seen with the implementation of mobile POS, which is significant for distributors and the service sector.5.2 Value AddedFC Banks value chain is depicted in figure using Porters Value Chain analysis. The bank has concentrated mainly on marketing, sales and services. The use of technology has been incorporated to achieve a level of service and convenience to provide value to the customer. The cost to provide such value to the customer is important however, the risk to serving customers is just as important. The critical factors in this value system are the linkages between skills of staff, risk management, information systems, pliant and responsive policies/procedures to add such value.Information technology is FC banks core competency especially since they are the leader in this area. FC uses the technological advancement to increase its value chain and to achieve a higher level of customer service than its competitors. Owing to the highly leveraged technology at FC, the level of efficiency, high ratings by customers have been improved, although, the market share has remained stable since the industry is in the mature stage (industry life cycle).The use of technology is also the banks distinctive capability, since the bank uses its technology e.g. mobile POS and corporate internet banking, to increase the value chain of its customers. Figure below depicted how elements of FC banks outbound and marketing logistics becomes incorporated into the customers e.g. restaurants and distributors inbound logistic of their value chain.Internet banking, mobile POS etc.TelebankingEtc.First Citizens Bank Value Chain Distributors Value ChainRestaurants Value chainFigure showing the connectivity between First Citizens Value Chain and that of its Customers5.3 McKinseys 7S5.3.1 StructureFC bank currently has a bureaucratic (top-do wn) that does not aid in quick decision-making, which is crucial. Structure is the key to effective achievement of strategy. Is the twist does not support strategy in terms of VMOST then the strategy implementation will be difficult. Despite its best efforts to change, the bank structure is still overly bureaucratic.The bank has to decentralise both vertically along different levels of the organisational hierarchy and horizontally amongst managers and non-managers based on expertise and experience. In doing so, potency and responsibility will remain with those in the position, who possesses the necessary skills to implement decisions, ideally front line staff. Currently, the credit-decision making process is based on limited level bureau by staff and the bureaucratic staircase can hinder the effectiveness in the lending/investment process. Simiarly, as a result of regime regulation (Central Bank regulations) and the general risk adverse culture of the bank, several to-down con trols exist hindering the smooth processing of intricate transaction. If centre delegating decision-making authority is given to frontline staff e.g. senior management increasing authorisation limits on loans granted by line managers, the processes in the bank will more streamlined and less time consuming.5.3.2 SystemsFC bank is a execution-driven learning organisation, therefore all of its systems should be taken into consideration if further development is to occur. The three essential areas areHuman resource systemsRewards are based on SMART principle and pre-determined organisation and individual targets. However, the appraisals are based on individual and team performance and are done on a quarterly basis to identify areas foe training and development. In addition, the performance is also measured by balance scorecard with gaps identified to re-prioritise efforts. Human resource records however, are not automated via a modern HRIS system and therefore quick and effective deci sion-making is negatively affected. To further hasten the decision-making the top-down system needs to be changed to a bottom-up system that integrates the individual and team performance, training and development.Organisational performance systemsThe bank has two models to assess its performanceThe strategic proposening modelThis evolves from the vision and mission of the bank and long-term strategies are developed for three years on a pealing basis. On an annual basis strategies are reviewed analysed and adjusted as necessary. Three exercises inform the business planning process for the ensuing year and provide key inputs into budgetary allocation which support the execution of the said strategies.Information systemsThe banks information system is highly interactive, accurate, accessible and easily interrogable. In spite of the high use of technology customer service staff has not embrace the use of technology to deliver value added. There is high use of the banks office managem ent system for communication e.g. email and calendaring. However, managers and staff have not grasped the opportunity to use these systems for work flow efficiency e.g. loan origination systems and electronic loan application and credit authorisation.5.3.3 StyleStyle is influences in part by structure. The top-down structure of organisation has bred an elitist atmosphere with different layers of management having varying grades of power and influence. Managers do not seem to exhibit a supportive role and communication is mostly top down to their support staff. In addition, feedback to employees on performance of organisation is done via newsletters, team briefing and staff meetings.Generally, the management style is not of a participative nature and this can have negative effects on employees involvement and satisfaction. There is an over abundance of procedures within the system which leads to an inordinate amount of time and effort spent on administrative processes thus reducing the cycle time for customer service.StaffStaff development utilisesEmployee assistance programme (EAP)360 degree for developmental purposesIn addition, the tools used in developing staff areSuccession planningIndividual development planningLeadership competencies model there are seven areas the bank utilise and develop staff they are customer focus, teamwork, innovation, initiative (getting results), integrity, entrepreneurship and sales and marketing. These are to develop staff in order to develop leadership skills but FC has to create the structure, systems etc. to move and encourage employees to develop along these lines.SkillsMultiple skilled employees are essential in a learning and performance driven organisation. The bank is becoming preponderantly a sales driven organisation, with risk management and decision-making being critical to its success in the area. Training in developmental programmes in marketing, sales, negotiation and fight resolution are provided by the bank to further develop skills in these areas. However, the structure of the bank is a barrier to the proper dissemination of skills because of compartmentalisation of information. The bank however, has been a leader in the development of individual staff and expense significant sums on both internal and external training. The education assistance plan provides bank sponsored tertiary education up to and including the masters level for qualifying staff, this facility has benefitted numerous staff members.StrategyUsing Johnson and Scholes Development Strategies model the direction used by FC bank should be maintained. The bank has focus on identifying market segments and adopted a market penetration and developmental and diversification strategies. These strategies should be suitable, acceptable and feasible to all stakeholders, employees and customers and should be based the banks outstanding customer service, innovation and its core competency of technology.However, the banks strategy of leading customer satisfaction through innovation has seen it derive value from its leadership position from electronic banking including internet, POS and mobile banking.Shared ValueThe confluence of three failed financial institution formed FC Bank, and its phoenix-like resurrection to a pronounced position within the banking industry fraternity in the region and awards won, is a source of pride for the organisation.6.0 S.W.O.T ANALYSISFigure shows the SWOT analysis for FC Bank, based on this and for sustainability of competitive advantage, the following factors are crucialInvestments for further development of technology since it is ever-evolving especially at the strategic and tactical level to maintain FC as the leaderQuick response time to customers request to synchronise with industry normsStrong image/brand and performance driven cultureHigh degree of flexibility and responsivenessImprove decision-making capabilities of front line staff and succession planning